Based on meta-regression, the study design has a significant effect on the heterogeneity of Spo2 (Sao2) (Coefficient: 12.80 p < 0.001). PP has no significant effect on the respiratory rate. PP in COVID-19 patients lead to significantly decrease of the Paco2 (PMD: − 8.69 95% CI − 14.69 to − 2.69 mmHg) but significantly increase the PaO2 (PMD: 37.74 95% CI 7.16–68.33 mmHg). PMD with 95% confidence interval (CI) of PaO2/FIO2 Ratio in before–after design, quasi-experimental design and in overall was 55.74, 56.38, and 56.20 mmHg. The Cochran's Q-test and I2 statistic were assessed heterogeneity, the random-effects model was estimated the pooled mean difference (PMD), and a meta-regression method has utilized the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched up to 1st January 2021. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of PP on respiratory parameters and outcomes. Prone position (PP) is known to improve oxygenation and reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients. The proposed application is characterized by a high percentage of correct analyses and can be an essential aid for diagnosing acid-base disturbances. Because of these problems, we developed a mobile application that can spot diagnostic differences by taking into account physiological and chemical approaches, including their variants, with a corrected anion gap. Moreover, using different approaches to analyze acid-base disorders can lead to varying diagnoses in some cases. Therefore, ABG parameters can be used as an established biomarker panel, which is considered to be a powerful tool for personalized medicine. According to our survey, the correctness of arterial blood gas analysis is unsatisfactory, especially in mixed disorders, which do not always manifest an obvious set of symptoms. Many aspects may be problematic, partly due to multiple data analysis methods and no definitive statement on which one is better. Although most people dealing with arterial blood gases (ABGs) do not usually have problems with acid-base disorder assessment, such an analysis is also carried out by other healthcare workers for whom this can be a challenging task. Despite its importance, it is often considered too complex and confusing.
The ability to diagnose acid-base imbalances correctly is essential for physicians and other healthcare workers.
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